Cupping is a therapy designed to stimulate the flow of qi and blood within the superficial muscle layers. It is used for sore muscles, tension, neck pain, speeding up muscle recovery time, and even the common cold. In Chinese Medicine, pain is caused by problems relating to decreased circulation of qi and blood. This can be related to stress, hormonal imbalances, over-training at the gym, and temperature fluctuations in the muscles and joints. The easiest way to understand cupping is the "inverse" of a massage.
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